# Table of Contents - [Section (b) The measurement of land characteristics | Landler Rulebook](#section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics-landler-rulebook) - [Glossary | Landler Rulebook](#glossary-landler-rulebook) - [Section (a) The Platform | Landler Rulebook](#section-a-the-platform-landler-rulebook) - [Section (a.3) Proof of Land Stewardship | Landler Rulebook](#section-a-3-proof-of-land-stewardship-landler-rulebook) - [Section (a.5) Data Protection Information | Landler Rulebook](#section-a-5-data-protection-information-landler-rulebook) - [Section (a.4) Sponsorship | Landler Rulebook](#section-a-4-sponsorship-landler-rulebook) - [Section (b.2) Data Sources | Landler Rulebook](#section-b-2-data-sources-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Greenhouse Gas Emissions | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-greenhouse-gas-emissions-landler-rulebook) - [Section (a.2) Verification of identity | Landler Rulebook](#section-a-2-verification-of-identity-landler-rulebook) - [Overview | Landler Rulebook](#overview-landler-rulebook) - [Dimension: Biodiversity | Landler Rulebook](#dimension-biodiversity-landler-rulebook) - [Dimension: Water | Landler Rulebook](#dimension-water-landler-rulebook) - [Section (a.1) Upload Plot Data for identification | Landler Rulebook](#section-a-1-upload-plot-data-for-identification-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Ecological Integrity | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-ecological-integrity-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Soil Moisture | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-soil-moisture-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Indicator Species Presence | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-indicator-species-presence-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Water Holding Capacity Potential | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-water-holding-capacity-potential-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Deforestation | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-deforestation-landler-rulebook) - [Dimension: Carbon | Landler Rulebook](#dimension-carbon-landler-rulebook) - [Section (c) - Natural Capital Accounting | Landler Rulebook](#section-c-natural-capital-accounting-landler-rulebook) - [Section (b.1) Dimensions, Indicators and Models Dimensions | Landler Rulebook](#section-b-1-dimensions-indicators-and-models-dimensions-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Soil Carbon Potential | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-soil-carbon-potential-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Protected On-Site Habitat | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-protected-on-site-habitat-landler-rulebook) - [Section (b.3) Modelling | Landler Rulebook](#section-b-3-modelling-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Soil Carbon Stock | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-soil-carbon-stock-landler-rulebook) - [Section (c.2) Locking and Activation of a Natural Capital Account | Landler Rulebook](#section-c-2-locking-and-activation-of-a-natural-capital-account-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Water Holding Capacity | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-water-holding-capacity-landler-rulebook) - [Indicator: Habitat Intactness | Landler Rulebook](#indicator-habitat-intactness-landler-rulebook) - [Section (c.4) Natural Capital Units Attributes | Landler Rulebook](#section-c-4-natural-capital-units-attributes-landler-rulebook) - [Section (c.3) Natural Capital Units | Landler Rulebook](#section-c-3-natural-capital-units-landler-rulebook) - [Section (c.1) Natural Capital Account | Landler Rulebook](#section-c-1-natural-capital-account-landler-rulebook) - [Section (d) - Nature Equity Assets | Landler Rulebook](#section-d-nature-equity-assets-landler-rulebook) - [Section (e.2) Settlement Services | Landler Rulebook](#section-e-2-settlement-services-landler-rulebook) - [Section (e) - Nature Equity Accounts and Settlement Services | Landler Rulebook](#section-e-nature-equity-accounts-and-settlement-services-landler-rulebook) - [Section (e.1) Nature Equity Account | Landler Rulebook](#section-e-1-nature-equity-account-landler-rulebook) --- # Section (b) The measurement of land characteristics | Landler Rulebook To measure Land Characteristics, we distinguish between **dimensions**, **indicators**, and **models**. [PreviousSection (a.5) Data Protection Information](/section-a-the-platform/section-a.5-data-protection-information) [NextSection (b.1) Dimensions, Indicators and Models Dimensions](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/section-b.1-dimensions-indicators-and-models-dimensions) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Glossary | Landler Rulebook [PreviousOverview](/) [NextSection (a) The Platform](/section-a-the-platform) Last updated 14 days ago **“Buyer”** means a party buying Natural Capital Units to own Nature Equity Assets. **“Land Characteristics”** are biophysical state indicators across the dimensions of pedosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere that can be measured independently and thus qualify for assetisation or that are simply displayed for information. **“Land Steward”** means a person or institution who is legally entitled to make comprehensive decisions regarding the use of a piece of land as owner, tenant, on the basis of any right of use of land or on any other legally recognized basis. **“Landler”** means a web-based application created by TLG accessible under through which TLG’s services are available for Users, including: 1. the onboarding of Plots; 2. the assessment of Land Characteristics of Plots; 3. the documentation of Land Characteristics of Plots in Natural Capital Accounts; 4. the generation of Natural Capital Units; 5. the registration of Natural Capital Units; 6. the custody of Nature Equity Assets to Nature Equity Accounts and transfer of Nature Equity Assets between holders of Nature Equity Accounts. Landler is a registered trademark of TLG. “**Landler T&Cs**” Means the terms and conditions for the use of Landler accessible under https://www.landler.io/terms-and-conditions. ~„~**Natural Capital**~“~ is, in relation to one or more specific Plots and at a specific point in time, the status of the Land Characteristics of such Plot(s). “**Natural Capital Account**” or “**NCA**” is an account that displays, on Landler, the Natural Capital measured in biophysical metrics (ton of carbon, m3, km2, etc.) for one or more specified Plot(s) **“Natural Capital Unit” or “NCU”** are 1. Uplift units aimed at increasing Natural Capital; and 2. Preservation units aimed at representing the preservation of Natural Capital where the underlying Land Characteristics can be measured independently by Landler’s measurement services, specifically without information from the Land Steward. “**Nature Equity Account**” means an account designed to hold Nature Equity Assets measured in fiat currency (i.e. $, €, £). “**Nature Equity Assets**“ are contracted Uplift or Preservation Units that are transferred as biophysical metrics from the Natural Capital Account to the Nature Equity Account where they are accounted for in fiat currency. ~“~**Nature Equity Assets Purchase Agreement**~”~ or ~“~**NEAPA**~”~ means a contractual agreement between a Buyer and Land Steward of Natural Capital referring to the wrapping of Natural Capital Units into a transferable contractual right, such as a Nature Equity Asset, which the owner of the contractual right is entitled to. **“Opening Balance** is the displayed status of the Land Characteristics after a Natural Capital Account for a group of Plots is locked, meaning secured and defined as immutable in the registry. “**Plot**“ is a polygon of land that serves as the underlying reference for the assessment of Natural Capital and the documentation on a Natural Capital Account. A Plot boundary is described by geographic coordinates and should ideally include one land-use practice only. **"Preservation Unit"** has the meaning given in Section (c.3) to this Landler Rule Book. “**Sponsor**“ means a party entering a Landler Service agreement in lieu of another. **“Uplift Unit”** has the meaning given in Section (c.3) to this Landler Rule Book. **"Verified Nature Unit"** is the tool for investment developed jointly by African Parks and The Landbanking Group for investment into Africa's natural landscapes. [https://app.landler.io](https://app.landler.io/login) --- # Section (a) The Platform | Landler Rulebook Landler is a cloud-based web-server driven application, accessible from the public internet via any modern browser. Generally, Landler is available 24/7. From time to time, Landler may temporarily not be available due to maintenance work or software updates. These durations should not be longer than a few minutes. For longer durations or after unexpected outages, TLG will notify its users. [PreviousGlossary](/glossary) [NextSection (a.1) Upload Plot Data for identification](/section-a-the-platform/section-a.1-upload-plot-data-for-identification) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Section (a.3) Proof of Land Stewardship | Landler Rulebook Every Land Steward and/or Sponsor will be requested to provide an official document of proof of land ownership or land use rights for the Plot(s) that they upload on Landler. TLG will only make the documents provided by the Land Steward available for the Buyer of the Natural Capital Units (”NCUs”) upon request. [PreviousSection (a.2) Verification of identity](/section-a-the-platform/section-a.2-verification-of-identity) [NextSection (a.4) Sponsorship](/section-a-the-platform/section-a.4-sponsorship) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Section (a.5) Data Protection Information | Landler Rulebook TLG's privacy policy details TLG’s approach to Data protection [https://www.thelandbankinggroup.com/privacy-policy/en](https://www.thelandbankinggroup.com/privacy-policy/en) [PreviousSection (a.4) Sponsorship](/section-a-the-platform/section-a.4-sponsorship) [NextSection (b) The measurement of land characteristics](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Section (a.4) Sponsorship | Landler Rulebook If the Land Steward is represented by a sponsoring third party, TLG will require a document that providing a written authorization that allows the third party to act in another person's stead in relation to the services on Landler. [PreviousSection (a.3) Proof of Land Stewardship](/section-a-the-platform/section-a.3-proof-of-land-stewardship) [NextSection (a.5) Data Protection Information](/section-a-the-platform/section-a.5-data-protection-information) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Section (b.2) Data Sources | Landler Rulebook Data is retrieved through two primary sources: **Remote Sensing (Satellite Observations)** and **Ground Data**. These diverse datasets are then integrated into our **Modelling** processes to create ecosystem models. ### [](#remote-sensing) **Remote Sensing** Remote sensing involves gathering information about ecosystems from a distance using advanced technologies. Key remote sensing methods we utilize include: * **Lidar**: Uses laser pulses to generate 3D models of landscapes, allowing precise measurement of vegetation height, canopy structure, and terrain. * **Radar**: Penetrates cloud cover and dense vegetation to provide data on surface roughness, biomass, and soil moisture. * **Thermal**: Captures temperature variations in ecosystems, essential for understanding heat stress in plants, water bodies, and animal activity. * **Optical**: Collects images using visible and infra-red light, making it possible to monitor vegetation health, land cover changes, and other environmental features. ### [](#ground-data) **Ground Data** Ground data collection is optional and serves to validate and enhance the remote sensing data by providing detailed, site-specific insights. Key methods include: * **Field Sampling**: Direct collection of data such as soil composition, plant health, and other ecological metrics to provide ground-level accuracy for models. * **Bioacoustics**: Uses audio recordings of animal calls and natural sounds to monitor biodiversity and wildlife presence. * **eDNA**: Environmental DNA sampling involves extracting genetic material from soil, water, or air to detect the presence of species in an area without direct observation. * **Camera Trapping**: Motion-sensitive cameras capture images of wildlife, providing critical data on species presence, behavior, and population trends. [PreviousSection (b.1) Dimensions, Indicators and Models Dimensions](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/section-b.1-dimensions-indicators-and-models-dimensions) [NextSection (b.3) Modelling](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/section-b.3-modelling) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Indicator: Greenhouse Gas Emissions | Landler Rulebook **Indicator** Greenhouse Gas Emissions **Description** GHG emissions expressed in CO2 equivalents (CO2e), including CO2, CH4, and N2O. **Unit** Ton CO2-eq (total and per hectare) **Temporal Resolution** Not Applicable **Spatial Resolution** Variable **Data** Crop yield, fertilizer and pesticide application at national level from public FAO datasets **Method** Analogous to the approach taken with soil carbon estimation, TLG calculates land-based GHG emissions in agricultural settings using the coolfarmtool. We do not include non-land based emissions, such as fossil fuel use or indirect emissions, such as upstream emissions, e.g. during fertilizer production. An initial assessment is conducted using official regional statistics of typical yields and fertilizer and pesticide inputs reported by FAO. [PreviousIndicator: Soil Carbon Potential](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-carbon/indicator-soil-carbon-potential) [NextDimension: Water](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water) Last updated 14 days ago --- # Section (a.2) Verification of identity | Landler Rulebook **Know-Your-Customer Process** Every user, namely Land Steward, Sponsor and Buyer, needs to complete an identity verification check before being eligible to enter into any agreement with TLG and/or one another. The identity verification is performed through an independent third-party site, Comply Cube. ([https://www.complycube.com/en/](https://www.complycube.com/en/) ) The users will be required to upload ID documents (i.e. passports, driving licenses, national identity cards, residence permits) followed by a biometric check to verify the person presenting the identity document is the same individual. **Know-Your-Business Process** For companies and entities entering into a Landler Service Agreement with TLG, Land Stewards, Sponsors and/or Buyers, TLG will perform a verification of the business registration in the country where it’s been established, company officers and director verification, company screening against international anti money laundering sources and watchlists, company registry search and disqualified director screening. [PreviousSection (a.1) Upload Plot Data for identification](/section-a-the-platform/section-a.1-upload-plot-data-for-identification) [NextSection (a.3) Proof of Land Stewardship](/section-a-the-platform/section-a.3-proof-of-land-stewardship) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Overview | Landler Rulebook This Landler Rulebook describes the standards and processes of the Landler.io platform with regards to repeated measurement services relating to plots, the generation of Natural Capital Units in Natural Capital Accounts, the contractual design of Nature Equity Assets and the opening and operation of Nature Equity Accounts for the holding and transfer of Nature Equity Assets. [NextGlossary](/glossary) Last updated 14 days ago --- # Dimension: Biodiversity | Landler Rulebook This dimension evaluates species diversity and the balance of ecosystems. Biodiversity is a critical indicator of ecosystem health, as a variety of species contribute to resilience against environmental stressors like disease, climate change, and habitat loss. [PreviousIndicator: Water Holding Capacity Potential](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water/indicator-water-holding-capacity-potential) [NextIndicator: Protected On-Site Habitat](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity/indicator-protected-on-site-habitat) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Dimension: Water | Landler Rulebook [Indicator: Soil Moisture](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water/indicator-soil-moisture) [Indicator: Water Holding Capacity](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water/indicator-water-holding-capacity) [Indicator: Water Holding Capacity Potential](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water/indicator-water-holding-capacity-potential) [PreviousIndicator: Greenhouse Gas Emissions](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-carbon/indicator-greenhouse-gas-emissions) [NextIndicator: Soil Moisture](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water/indicator-soil-moisture) --- # Section (a.1) Upload Plot Data for identification | Landler Rulebook Land Stewards need to provide the location of the plot(s) to monitor Natural Capital or obtain Nature Capital Units. The Plot(s) can be drawn within Landler or can be uploaded as file in supported formats (i.e. KML, ZIP files containing SHP files). [PreviousSection (a) The Platform](/section-a-the-platform) [NextSection (a.2) Verification of identity](/section-a-the-platform/section-a.2-verification-of-identity) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Indicator: Ecological Integrity | Landler Rulebook **Description** Ecological integrity reflects the overall health and resilience of an ecosystem by evaluating its structure, species composition, and ecological functions. Ecological integrity is measured using proxies such as habitat intactness, habitat connectivity, and the presence of indicator species. **Unit** Index values ranging from 0 (degraded) to 100 (intact) **Temporal resolution** Annual Assessment **Spatial resolution** 1 ha or 1 km² **Data** Remote sensing data (satellite imagery for detecting human disturbances like deforestation and assessing habitat connectivity) and field observations (data on indicator species through sightings, tracks, or other signs). Field data comes from ecologists, citizen scientists, or local experts. **Method** Ecological integrity is assessed annually for each 1 km² area by combining three metrics: (1) **Habitat intactness**, detected via satellite imagery to map human-driven changes such as deforestation, urban expansion, and land conversion; (2) **Habitat connectivity**, measured by assessing how well an area is connected to other healthy habitat to support biodiversity; (3) **Indicator species presence**, using key species as biological indicators of ecosystem health. The presence of indicator species is confirmed through field observations, validated by photos, tracks, or recordings. The three metrics are combined, with higher scores indicating better ecological integrity. This method enables effective global monitoring of ecosystems with localized precision. [PreviousIndicator: Deforestation](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity/indicator-deforestation) [NextIndicator: Habitat Intactness](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity/indicator-habitat-intactness) Last updated 6 days ago --- # Indicator: Soil Moisture | Landler Rulebook **Indicator** Soil Moisture **Description** Volume of water present in the soil scaled to the top 30 cm (typically the A horizon). Displays as m³/Plot and m³/ha, with a smoothed and interpolated curve of measurements covering the past five years. Trends since 2018 shown as a percentage (%). **Unit** m³ (total and per hectare) **Temporal Resolution** Near-real time Assessment (3-5 days) **Spatial Resolution** 100m **Data** Satellite data (SMAP, SMOS, Landsat, MODIS, Sentinel 2) **Method** Soil moisture content is monitored using a combination of satellite data sources, including passive microwave data (from SMAP and SMOS), thermal data (from Landsat, MODIS, and Sentinel 3), and optical data (from Sentinel 2). These data streams are integrated using a spatial downscaling algorithm, resulting in an up-to-daily time-series of volumetric soil moisture content since 2016, at 100m resolution. [PreviousDimension: Water](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water) [NextIndicator: Water Holding Capacity](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water/indicator-water-holding-capacity) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Indicator: Indicator Species Presence | Landler Rulebook Description The indicator species measure assesses ecological integrity by tracking the presence of species that reflect environmental conditions, habitat quality, and ecosystem function. Multiple species from different ecological groups-such as large herbivores, large carnivores or disturbance-sensitive species-are evaluated, providing a comprehensive assessment of ecological integrity. Unit Index values ranging from 0 (no indicator species group) to 100 (intact) Temporal Resolution Annual Assessment Spatial Resolution 1 ha or 1 km² Data Field data from camera traps, acoustic sensors, DNA, direct observations, aerial surveys or track counts. Method For each project, land stewards select species from a pre-approved list covering ten indicator species groups, aiming to confirm the presence of all groups. Observations must include the species name, location, timestamp, and supporting evidence such as photos, videos, acoustic recordings, or track data. These can be based on direct sightings or indirect signs like tracks, dung, or scratch marks. Indicator species scores are calculated by mapping species presence with buffers around observations. Confidence scores decrease over time and distance from the original sighting. Each species group is assigned a score from 0 (not detected) to 10 (all groups detected). These scores are then summed, normalized, and averaged to produce a final confidence score ranging from 0 to 100. [PreviousIndicator: Habitat Intactness](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity/indicator-habitat-intactness) [NextSection (c) - Natural Capital Accounting](/section-c-natural-capital-accounting) Last updated 6 days ago --- # Indicator: Water Holding Capacity Potential | Landler Rulebook **Indicator** Water Holding Capacity Potential **Description** Plot-level forecast of future water holding capacity under different land management scenarios (e.g., reduced or no-till, increased carbon input). This forecast runs for 20 years and is related to the below ground carbon potential indicator. **Unit** m³ (total and per hectare) **Temporal Resolution** Projection into the future **Spatial Resolution** 100m **Data** Satellite data (SMAP, SMOS, Landsat, MODIS, Sentinel 2); ISRIC SoilGrids v2. **Method** Future projections of Water Holding Capacity are generated using a conversion via a pedotransfer function, which utilizes soil organic carbon forecasts derived from various land-use scenarios. This function incorporates updated soil organic carbon potential and soil texture data extracted from the ISRIC SoilGrids v2 dataset. The projections are expressed in the same units as the Water Holding Capacity estimates. This approach facilitates the conversion of soil organic carbon predictions into Water Holding Capacity estimates, primarily aimed at enhancing future projections. Benchmarking Benchmarks for water-holding capacity (WHC) are based on predicted soil texture (sand and clay fractions) from the SoilGrids v2 dataset. Using a pedotransfer function (Saxton & Rawls, 2006), WHC is estimated across a range of possible soil organic carbon concentrations. From the resulting distribution, the low benchmark is set at the minimum WHC value, the high benchmark at the maximum, and the middle benchmark at the median WHC value for the soil type predicted on the plot. [PreviousIndicator: Water Holding Capacity](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water/indicator-water-holding-capacity) [NextDimension: Biodiversity](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity) Last updated 14 days ago --- # Indicator: Deforestation | Landler Rulebook **Indicator** Deforestation **Description** Amount of deforestation in a Plot since 2020. **Unit** Hectares **Temporal Resolution** Annual Assessment **Spatial Resolution** 10m **Data** Forest cover loss data (GLAD), Global Forest Cover 2020 baseline (JRC). **Method** Deforestation detection is conducted using satellite imagery that tracks changes in forest cover since 2020. This involves analyzing “lossyear” data layer from the Global Forest Change 2000-2023 data (Hansen-UMD data) and cross-referencing it with Global Forest Cover 2020 data to quantify deforestation in specified plots. 2020 is chosen as the baseline year to conform to EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). [PreviousIndicator: Protected On-Site Habitat](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity/indicator-protected-on-site-habitat) [NextIndicator: Ecological Integrity](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity/indicator-ecological-integrity) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Dimension: Carbon | Landler Rulebook This dimension focuses on the storage and emission of carbon, one of the key contributors to climate change. Monitoring carbon levels in ecosystems helps track the balance between carbon sequestration and carbon emissions, which is crucial for managing climate impact. Carbon is also the essential building block of life, forming the backbone of organic molecules that make up all living organisms. It is a fundamental capital necessary for the growth of flora and fauna, supporting biodiversity and ecosystem health. By maintaining a stable carbon cycle, ecosystems can sustain life while mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. [PreviousSection (b.3) Modelling](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/section-b.3-modelling) [NextIndicator: Soil Carbon Stock](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-carbon/indicator-soil-carbon-stock) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Section (c) - Natural Capital Accounting | Landler Rulebook [PreviousIndicator: Indicator Species Presence](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity/indicator-indicator-species-presence) [NextSection (c.1) Natural Capital Account](/section-c-natural-capital-accounting/section-c.1-natural-capital-account) Last updated 4 months ago The biophysical metrics (ton of carbon, m3 of water, km2 of land restored or preserved, etc.) are calculated regularly and displayed in a **Natural Capital Account (”NCA”)**. Once a NCA is **locked** and **activated**, the Opening Balance is recorded and serves as the initial High-Water Mark (”HWM”) or initial Ecological Integrity baseline to generate **Natural Capital Units (”NCUs”).** Recorded measurements that represent a positive improvement (uplift) of the NCA balance in accordance with the threshold of the respective NCU type increase the High-Water Mark of the NCA. Recorded measurements that represent a retention of state (preservation) of the NCA balance in accordance with the threshold of the respective NCU type maintain or increase the baseline of the NCA. The newly generated NCUs are attributed a monetary value and can either be held by their owner as Nature Equity Assets in their **Nature Equity Account (”NEA”)** or transferred to another owner (Buyer) under a Nature Equity Assets Purchase Agreement (**”NEAPA”**) as explained in Section (e). Example for illustration purposes only ![](https://rulebook.landler.io/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F658136467-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FgCB0Q1tpPtWdZPHEiJEo%252Fuploads%252FCRY1FeMqK5AP6oMNJA5P%252Fimage.png%3Falt%3Dmedia%26token%3Dcf1b8b86-5f00-4807-ba09-b681f8387847&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=6562d80b&sv=2) --- # Section (b.1) Dimensions, Indicators and Models Dimensions | Landler Rulebook * **Dimensions** define broad environmental categories. * **Indicators** provide measurable proxies for these dimensions. * **Models** determine the exact datasets, methodologies, and assessment techniques used to evaluate the indicators and ultimately the dimensions. ### [](#dimensions) Dimensions Dimensions focus on critical aspects of ecosystems, including carbon, soil, water, and biodiversity. Each dimension encapsulates a broad environmental area that we aim to measure and monitor. ### [](#indicators) Indicators Indicators are the specific, measurable variables used to represent the state of each dimension. Indicators are selected based on their ability to effectively measure the dimension they represent. These indicators can range from large-scale remote sensing metrics to detailed on-site measurements. ### [](#models) Models Models are the tools used to assess these indicators, transforming raw data into meaningful evaluations. Each model specifies the datasets, methodologies, and relationships between inputs and outputs needed to accurately measure an indicator. Models are continuously updated to improve their accuracy. As new data becomes available and methodologies evolve, new versions of models are released, enhancing our ability to assess each indicator with greater precision. [PreviousSection (b) The measurement of land characteristics](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics) [NextSection (b.2) Data Sources](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/section-b.2-data-sources) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Indicator: Soil Carbon Potential | Landler Rulebook **Indicator** Soil Carbon Potential **Description** Plot-level forecast of future soil carbon stocks under different land management scenarios (e.g., reduced or no-till, applying manure and cover crops). This forecast runs for 20 years. **Unit** Metric tons (total and per hectare) **Temporal Resolution** Projection into the future **Spatial Resolution** field-level model, 250m input data **Input Data** IRSIC SoilGrids v2: organic carbon stock, bulk density, texture **Method** The soil carbon potential is modelled by coupling baseline soil carbon data with anticipated changes due to various land management practices. The baseline is the current status of soil carbon modelled by TLG historical assessment. The CoolFarmTool is utilized to assess the impact of different farm management scenarios on future soil carbon stocks. Confidence interval Confidence intervals are derived from two main sources of uncertainty. First, SoilGrid data, which provides quantiles (05, 50, and 95), is not symmetrically distributed around the median or mean. To prevent negative standard deviation values, a log-normal distribution is assumed, leading to confidence intervals that are not perfectly symmetrical around the median. Second, uncertainty arises from land use, tillage, and management practices. The impact of these factors on soil carbon varies due to micro-environmental differences. For example, tillage may increase soil carbon by a factor of 0.02 in a specific climate and soil type, but the actual effect can range between 0.01 and 0.03. Benchmarking Benchmarks are created for each combination of climate zones and soil types, treating each combination as a separate group. Within each group, soil carbon levels are analyzed separately for croplands and grasslands. The poor benchmark is set at the lower 25th percentile of SoilGrid estimates, representing low carbon input conditions. The good benchmark is estimated using the CFT model under optimal management practices. The average benchmark is the midpoint between the poor and good values. [PreviousIndicator: Soil Carbon Stock](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-carbon/indicator-soil-carbon-stock) [NextIndicator: Greenhouse Gas Emissions](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-carbon/indicator-greenhouse-gas-emissions) Last updated 14 days ago --- # Indicator: Protected On-Site Habitat | Landler Rulebook **Indicator** Protected On-Site Habitat **Description** Percentage of semi-natural and natural areas set aside from agricultural production. **Unit** % **Temporal Resolution** Annual Assessment **Spatial Resolution** 10m **Data** Satellite imagery (Sentinel 2, ALOS PALSAR). **Method** Protected on site habitat (POSH) is seen as areas within a field or a plot that is not used for agricultural purposes or, with minimum human interference. These areas could potentially contribute towards biodiversity growth. It is therefore not a quantification of biodiversity, rather it is an indication of areas which could potentially contain or contribute towards biodiversity growth. The POSH areas are calculated by analysing land-cover data over time. For maximum accuracy TLG uses a land-cover model developed in-house to be able to identify areas which might qualify for protected on farm habitats. These areas are then evaluated over time to validate their consistency. A consistent area means it would not have been disturbed during the time of analysis, which is a minimum requirement for biodiversity to thrive. [PreviousDimension: Biodiversity](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity) [NextIndicator: Deforestation](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity/indicator-deforestation) Last updated 13 days ago --- # Section (b.3) Modelling | Landler Rulebook Once data is collected from both remote sensing and ground-based methods, we feed it into various modelling processes. These models are essential for interpreting raw data, simulating ecosystem processes, and making predictions about future environmental conditions: * **AI/ML Models**: Artificial intelligence and machine learning are employed to analyze large datasets, identify patterns, and continuously improve model predictions. * **Direct Mapping**: Converts remote sensing data into maps that show specific ecosystem attributes, such as vegetation cover, species distribution, or land use. * **Process Models**: These models simulate natural processes (e.g., carbon cycling, hydrology, and nutrient flows), providing insight into ecosystem functions and how they might change over time. Models are either built internally by TLG or built externally by academic or commercial partners. Models are validated during the model building phase against test data to gauge their accuracy and robustness. Models built by external partners are trained and validated using data provided by TLG as well as data from other sources. [PreviousSection (b.2) Data Sources](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/section-b.2-data-sources) [NextDimension: Carbon](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-carbon) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Indicator: Soil Carbon Stock | Landler Rulebook **Indicator** Soil Carbon Stock **Description** Plot-level estimates of soil organic carbon stored in the top 30 cm soil from 2018 to the present. Provides a baseline for the current year and changes over the past years. **Unit** Metric tons (total and per hectare) **Temporal Resolution** Annual Assessment **Spatial Resolution** field-level model, 20m and 250m input data **Input Data** IRSIC SoilGrids v2: organic carbon stock, bulk density, texture; satellite observations of cover crops **Method** Soil carbon stock assessment is conducted by coupling soil baseline data with monitoring of land-use practices (such as land use change and cover cropping) and then modelling annual carbon changes using a carbon cycle model (CoolFarmTool) that is based on IPCC tier 1 coefficients. Soil carbon baseline and texture information is extracted from a global soil properties map that was produced in 2018 (IRSIC soilgrids v2 (Poggio, 2020)) and that is the result of a predictive machine learning model that was trained using a large database of publicly available soil samples and environmental covariates, such as geography, terrain, climate, vegetation type, geology etc. Input information, which drives changes in soil carbon stocks encompasses the detection of cover crops history and historic land-use changes since 2018. Information about farming practices on cover crop application is derived from time-series of satellite observations of vegetation and soil dynamics. TLG assesses only the presence of cover crops and land use changes derived via satellite-based crop monitoring, and assumes conventional carbon inputs otherwise (full tillage, no manure application, no land-use change in the past 20 years). Confidence interval Confidence intervals are derived from two main sources of uncertainty. First, SoilGrid data, which provides quantiles (05, 50, and 95), is not symmetrically distributed around the median or mean. To prevent negative standard deviation values, a log-normal distribution is assumed, leading to confidence intervals that are not perfectly symmetrical around the median. Second, uncertainty arises from land use, tillage, and management practices. The impact of these factors on soil carbon varies due to micro-environmental differences. For example, tillage may increase soil carbon by a factor of 0.02 in a specific climate and soil type, but the actual effect can range between 0.01 and 0.03. Benchmarking Benchmarks are created for each combination of climate zones and soil types, treating each combination as a separate group. Within each group, soil carbon levels are analyzed separately for croplands and grasslands. The poor benchmark is set at the lower 25th percentile of SoilGrid estimates, representing low carbon input conditions. The good benchmark is estimated using the CFT model under optimal management practices. The average benchmark is the midpoint between the poor and good values. [PreviousDimension: Carbon](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-carbon) [NextIndicator: Soil Carbon Potential](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-carbon/indicator-soil-carbon-potential) Last updated 14 days ago --- # Section (c.2) Locking and Activation of a Natural Capital Account | Landler Rulebook Natural Capital Accounts (”NCA”) comprise the documentation of all auditable, digital data, measurement results as well as timelines regarding the Land Characteristics of the plot on Landler. If a Plot is designated for the generation of NCUs it must comply with the following: * a Landler Service Agreement with TLG regarding this plot must be in place; * the KYC and proof of Land Stewardship process must be completed. Once these conditions are met a Plot or a group of Plots can be locked and activated. With the lock and activation of an NCA or a group of plots, the Opening Balance per plot is saved and serves as the basis to calculate potential NCUs. Any aggregation or group of plots that is subject to a NEAPA cannot be changed without consent of contractual counterparties of the Land Steward in the NEAPA. Unforced changes may be rejected. All changes including forced changes (i.e. deletion of a plot due to change of ownership or other right to use or work a Plot, such as a change to or the termination of a tenancy agreement) may additionally result in a termination of affected NEAPA as provided therein. [PreviousSection (c.1) Natural Capital Account](/section-c-natural-capital-accounting/section-c.1-natural-capital-account) [NextSection (c.3) Natural Capital Units](/section-c-natural-capital-accounting/section-c.3-natural-capital-units) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Indicator: Water Holding Capacity | Landler Rulebook **Indicator** Water Holding Capacity **Description** Maximum amount of water that soil can retain, measured in m³/Plot and m³/ha, with an estimate of uncertainty provided as the average standard deviation of WHC estimates. **Unit** m³ (total and per hectare) **Temporal Resolution** Annual Assessment **Spatial Resolution** 100m **Data** Satellite data (SMAP, SMOS, Landsat, MODIS, Sentinel 2); ISRIC SoilGrids v2. **Method** Water holding capacity is estimated based on soil moisture dynamics over time, analyzing the ability of soil to retain water against gravity (also known as field capacity). It is derived from a time-series of soil moisture data and constrained by soil texture information from SoilGrids. Confidence interval Confidence intervals for water-holding capacity (WHC) are derived by averaging values within the 10th–15th percentiles for wilting point and the 92nd–95th percentiles for field capacity. This method reduces noise and improves reliability by smoothing out variability and minimizing outlier effects. Additionally, the standard deviation within these ranges serves as a confidence flag—lower values indicate more consistent, reliable estimates, while higher values highlight greater variability. This approach enhances the precision and robustness of soil hydraulic property estimates. Benchmarking Benchmarks for water-holding capacity (WHC) are based on predicted soil texture (sand and clay fractions) from the SoilGrids v2 dataset. Using a pedotransfer function (Saxton & Rawls, 2006), WHC is estimated across a range of possible soil organic carbon concentrations. From the resulting distribution, the low benchmark is set at the minimum WHC value, the high benchmark at the maximum, and the middle benchmark at the median WHC value for the soil type predicted on the plot. [PreviousIndicator: Soil Moisture](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water/indicator-soil-moisture) [NextIndicator: Water Holding Capacity Potential](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-water/indicator-water-holding-capacity-potential) Last updated 14 days ago --- # Indicator: Habitat Intactness | Landler Rulebook Description Habitat intactness measures how much an ecosystem remains free from significant human disturbances, reflecting its ecological integrity. Using remote sensing data, habitat intactness is quantified by mapping and inverting human-induced degradation such as deforestation, infrastructure, agriculture, and land conversion. Unit Index values ranging from 0 (degraded) to 100 (intact) Temporal Resolution Annual Assessment. Spatial Resolution 30m Data Remote sensing data such as Global Forest Watch, Google Open Buildings as well as data from custom models trained on Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and other datasets. Method Habitat intactness is assessed using satellite imagery to detect human-caused degradation, such as agriculture, deforestation, mining, settlements, roads, dams, and erosion. Each factor is weighted by its impact and combined into a degradation layer, which is then inverted to produce the habitat intactness layer. [PreviousIndicator: Ecological Integrity](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity/indicator-ecological-integrity) [NextIndicator: Indicator Species Presence](/section-b-the-measurement-of-land-characteristics/dimension-biodiversity/indicator-indicator-species-presence) Last updated 6 days ago --- # Section (c.4) Natural Capital Units Attributes | Landler Rulebook In Landler, TLG supports Natural Capital Units (”NCUs”) in the form of Uplift Units (below) and Preservation Units (attributes currently being designed). **Uplift Units** come with the following attributes: * Uplift Unit Short Name (auto assigned) * Uplift Unit (unique-) ID (auto assigned) * NCA (unique-) ID * Natural Capital Category (Water (Water Holding Capacity), Climate (Soil Carbon)) * Uplift Unit * Denomination (1 cubic meter, 1 ton etc.) * NCA balance at issuance date * Issuance level (in NCA scale values) * Assessment method (model) (Release No# and release date) * Unit issuance date * Unit duration * Unit expiry date Uplift Units track subsequent measurements recorded on the underlying NCA, change of ownerships, adjustments to the issuance level and other events relevant to the status and quality of an Uplift Unit. This includes the calculation of KPIs, such as the RDI%. The RDI% of an uplift unit describes the relative distance in % between the issuance level of an Uplift Unit and the current NCA balance in the applicable Land Characteristic (i.e., NCA balance of water retention capacity for Uplift Units in water retention capacity). A positive RDI% indicates that the Uplift Unit is presently verified by the originating NCA balance in that Land Characteristic. An RDI% of zero indicates that the NCA balance equals the issuance level of the Uplift Unit. An Uplift Unit with an RDI% of zero is considered verified. A negative RDI% indicates that the Uplift Unit is presently not verified by the NCA balance. The RDI% changes with every new measurement recording on the NCA. The RDI% is made available as part of the position detail view in the Nature Equity Account. [PreviousSection (c.3) Natural Capital Units](/section-c-natural-capital-accounting/section-c.3-natural-capital-units) [NextSection (d) - Nature Equity Assets](/section-d-nature-equity-assets) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Section (c.3) Natural Capital Units | Landler Rulebook Dimesion & Indicator Unit name Denomination Definition Measurement Frequency Duration Carbon; Soil Carbon Carbon Uplift 1 ton of Carbon Sequestration Soil organic carbon stock stored in the top 30 cm of soil. Automated: Annual; or ad hoc on request flexible (max of 10 years, annual steps) Water; Water Holding Capacity Water Uplift 1m3 of Water Holding Capacity Volume of water which can be stored in the top 30 cm of soil after excess water has drained away. Automated: Annual; or ad hoc on request flexible (max of 10 years, annual steps) Biodiversity; Ecological Integrity Preservation 1 km² area of the Earth 1 km² area of land assigned to an ecological integrity score between zero (not intact) and one (fully intact), along with specific values for disturbance, connectivity and indicator species. Annual; ad hoc on request TBC ### [](#uplift-units) **Uplift Units** Uplift units are the digital representation of a measurement of natural capital uplift value pursuant to the methodology described in section (b) and come with the attributes described in section (c.4) (each such unit with such attributes, an “**Uplift Unit**”). Each Uplift Unit refers to a NCA (as described in section (c.1)), a specific Land Characteristic and a unique, non-reproducible and standardized portion (the “issuance level”) of the Natural Capital balance recorded over time on the NCA. The provision of continuous updates of the measurement results requires a Landler Service Agreement regarding the Plots contributing to an Uplift Unit to be in place. The numbers as displayed on the NCA form the base and reference for the generation of Uplift Units. The Uplift Unit provides its owner with the exclusive rights associated with the measurement results for their own purpose and includes the right to obtain continuous subsequent measurements from the respective NCA as long as the measurement and monitoring fees for the underlying plots are paid. An Uplift Unit does not incorporate any right or property on the underlying land, any harvests on the underlying land and does not incorporate any rights on land use decisions. Uplift Units are not registered in any way in an official land register. The Opening Balance as recorded upon locking and activation serves as the basis for Uplift Unit generation, also referred to as the initial High-Water Mark. Recorded measurements that represent an improvement of the NCA balance in accordance with the threshold (denomination) of the respective Uplift Unit type accordingly increase the High-Water Mark of the NCA. A new Uplift Unit is generated whenever a new High-Water Mark is set. Uplift Units have a fixed duration. The duration is set by the Land Steward and must be agreed upon between Buyer and Land Steward in a contract (Nature Equity Asset Purchase Agreement). The duration can be set from 1 year up to no more than 10 years in the current version of Landler (in 1-year steps). The expiry date is then set in annual (365 days) steps starting with the issuance date. Uplift Units expire at the end of the set duration. After expiry of an Uplift Unit, all other existing Uplift Units derived from the originating NCA are adjusted (starting with the oldest Uplift Unit adjusting to the lowest available issuance level), eventually resulting in the creation of a new Uplift Unit if the NCA and the High-Water Mark balance justify such issuance. Uplift Units can be assigned (transferred) from one customer to another using the custody functions provided for in Landler, it will only be possible to select the sponsoring and contracting partner as a new owner of an Uplift Unit. Each Uplift Unit includes a complete measurement and transaction history, which can be viewed in the Uplift Unit position detail on the Nature Equity Account. Inquiries on recorded measurements, newly generated Uplift Units, missing Uplift Units, ownership changes in Uplift Units or adjustments made to Uplift Units shall be addressed to info@landler.io. ### [](#preservation-units) **Preservation Units** Preservation units are contractual claims to a measurement result provided by TLG. Preservation units are the digital representation of such measurement of ecological integrity value pursuant to a bespoke methodology developed by TLG with science and best in-class practitioners (as described in section (b)). TLG assesses the **ecological integrity** of any 1 km² area of the Earth annually, which we refer to as a "Preservation Unit." Each preservation unit is assigned an ecological integrity score between zero (not intact) and one (fully intact), along with specific values for disturbance, connectivity and indicator species. Preservation units of varying integrity (i.e. 0.8 or 0.6) can be sold as **Nature Equity Assets**. [PreviousSection (c.2) Locking and Activation of a Natural Capital Account](/section-c-natural-capital-accounting/section-c.2-locking-and-activation-of-a-natural-capital-account) [NextSection (c.4) Natural Capital Units Attributes](/section-c-natural-capital-accounting/section-c.4-natural-capital-units-attributes) Last updated 14 days ago Example of a biodiversity preservation unit. ![](https://rulebook.landler.io/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F658136467-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FgCB0Q1tpPtWdZPHEiJEo%252Fuploads%252FlEWeSHZSH8drYV4CCk1q%252Fimage.png%3Falt%3Dmedia%26token%3Dbfc48cfa-f2c5-49de-8200-3adbc42449b5&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=be357949&sv=2) --- # Section (c.1) Natural Capital Account | Landler Rulebook In the Natural Capital Account the status of the above-defined Land Characteristics are being displayed and updated in at least annually. ### [](#displayed-measurements) **Displayed Measurements** Measurements are displayed in the NCA according to the following rules for convenience: * If the number to be displayed is equal to or greater than 100, no decimals will be displayed; * If the number to be displayed is equal to or greater than 10 and less than 100, one decimal place will be displayed; * If the number to be displayed is equal to or greater than 1 and less than 10, two decimal places will be displayed; * If the number to be displayed is less than 1, three decimal places will be displayed; and * when the number of decimal places is truncated according to these rules, rounding down is applied ### [](#result-uncertainties) **Result uncertainties** Data calculated and displayed in the NCA are best estimates which are calculated under a transparent and published methodology and validated by external validation processes. As with all estimators, these values do exhibit uncertainties due to a number of reasons, such as measurement errors, model uncertainties, incomplete scientific understanding and simplifying assumptions. TLG and its partners are continuously seeking to improve both the quality of data used as inputs to models as well as the models themselves. In addition, advancements in earth observation and reference data availability are expected to further improve TLG’s measurement accuracy levels. The improvements in models may impact the assessed Land Characteristics in three ways: 1. a) Some improvements may allow to measure new biophysical factors that have not been measured to date. 2. b) Some improvements may improve the precision of measurements and predictions shown in the NCA. 3. c) Some improvements may allow to calculate additional Land Characteristics over a time period. In all cases existing NEAs derived from the NCA would not be affected by changes in models and data. The availability of new biophysical factors to assess Natural Capital will not impact existing NEAs and any related Nature Equity Assets Purchase Agreements (”NEAPAs”) in place. Being able to calculate additional uplift for a NEA will not adversely impact a NEAPA, as every NEAPA will specify a maximum contracted volume of NEAs and settlement is conducted on a First-in/First-Out basis. Changes to measurement methods from time to time, will not negatively impact the value of any already issued NEAs. Extraordinary circumstances may lead to difficulties measuring one or more biophysical factors using our measurement services, including but not limited to environmental impacts (e.g., drought or wildfire) or missing or insufficient measurements (e.g. satellite malfunction, prolonged cloud cover). In such a case TLG may perform a measurement using a less precise and robust methodology, show an interpolated value or display no value at all. If TLG is aware that the displayed value comes from a less precise methodology, TLG will not issue any new NCUs. In the absence of a methodology to measure biophysical factors during the term of a NEAPA, it would not be possible to define or assign NEAs for the respective NEAPA. [PreviousSection (c) - Natural Capital Accounting](/section-c-natural-capital-accounting) [NextSection (c.2) Locking and Activation of a Natural Capital Account](/section-c-natural-capital-accounting/section-c.2-locking-and-activation-of-a-natural-capital-account) Last updated 4 months ago --- # Section (d) - Nature Equity Assets | Landler Rulebook Nature Equity Assets are contracted Natural Capital Units that derive from a locked Natural Capital Account. The underlying Land Characteristics are measured in biophysical dimensions, the NEAs contain this measurement and a monetary value that is attributed to the asset by the market, namely the cost of production or the negotiation between Land Steward and Sponsor. Any investment requests for NEAs can be made via the TLG’s website or the support team (info@landler.io). Once the amount of NCUs and the pricing have been agreed by a Buyer and a Land Steward, a Nature Equity Asset Purchase Agreements ("NEAPA") can be entered into between the Land Steward and the Buyer to document the details of the purchase outside of Landler. [PreviousSection (c.4) Natural Capital Units Attributes](/section-c-natural-capital-accounting/section-c.4-natural-capital-units-attributes) [NextSection (e) - Nature Equity Accounts and Settlement Services](/section-e-nature-equity-accounts-and-settlement-services) Last updated 14 days ago --- # Section (e.2) Settlement Services | Landler Rulebook A digital workflow for agreeing a NEAPA is not yet available in Landler. The current version of Landler allows both, Land Stewards, Sponsors and Buyers, to initiate negotiation of a NEAPA by contacting TLG’s support team (info@landler.io). The NEAPA proposal, negotiation and signing are executed outside Landler and facilitated by TLG based on the template provided by TLG. TLG does not assume any responsibility for the legality, validity, enforceability or adequacy of the provisions of such template and does not provide legal advice in any way. [PreviousSection (e.1) Nature Equity Account](/section-e-nature-equity-accounts-and-settlement-services/section-e.1-nature-equity-account) Last updated 14 days ago --- # Section (e) - Nature Equity Accounts and Settlement Services | Landler Rulebook For the custody, transaction and continuous management of NEAs, TLG provides services within Landler and through TLG’s support team (info@landler.io). [PreviousSection (d) - Nature Equity Assets](/section-d-nature-equity-assets) [NextSection (e.1) Nature Equity Account](/section-e-nature-equity-accounts-and-settlement-services/section-e.1-nature-equity-account) Last updated 14 days ago --- # Section (e.1) Nature Equity Account | Landler Rulebook TLG acts as the central and exclusive depository for NCUs with its registry. NCUs are held in an NEA provided by Landler. Such NCUs cannot be transferred outside of the accounts held with TLG. Each user registered with Landler is eligible to open and maintain a NEA if they have complied with the requirements to lock and activate their Natural Capital Account and entered into a Landler Service Agreement to agree to custody and transaction fees required for the issuance, custody and transaction of NCUs. The NEA shows all NCUs positions held by the user. The position details include all static and dynamic data of the NCUs and allow to view the underlying NCA. Account Statements can be provided. On the NEA, NCU holders can change the ownership of an NCU. Change of ownership results in a transfer of the respective NCU to the selected new holder by means of NEAPA, which acts as an NCA-based forward purchase or spot purchase agreement between TLG, a Buyer and a Land Steward or Sponsor referring to the purchase of NCUs intended to be created on-year prior or during the duration of the Agreement. The NEAPA is entered into outside of Landler. In outline, the agreement clarifies that all exploitation rights regarding measurement results underlying an NCU are an inseparable part of such NCU and are always owned by the party owning the relevant NCU; the Land Steward undertakes to not sell or transfer any natural capital representations or credits in respect of any Plot forming part of a NCA outside Landler; any amount of NCUs measured and registered within a period of one year can be issued according to a vesting scheme. [PreviousSection (e) - Nature Equity Accounts and Settlement Services](/section-e-nature-equity-accounts-and-settlement-services) [NextSection (e.2) Settlement Services](/section-e-nature-equity-accounts-and-settlement-services/section-e.2-settlement-services) Last updated 4 months ago ---