# Table of Contents - [ShellSpells](#shellspells) - [FAQs | ShellSpells](#faqs-shellspells) - [Help | ShellSpells](#help-shellspells) - [Transcripts | ShellSpells](#transcripts-shellspells) - [License & Disclaimer | ShellSpells](#license-disclaimer-shellspells) - [System Ops | ShellSpells](#system-ops-shellspells) - [System Info | ShellSpells](#system-info-shellspells) - [System Details | ShellSpells](#system-details-shellspells) - [Email Protection | Cloudflare](#email-protection-cloudflare) --- # ShellSpells [](https://www.shellspells.net/#what-is-shellspells) What is ShellSpells? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ### [](https://www.shellspells.net/#shellspells-was-created-for-three-reasons) ShellSpells was created for three reasons: * A command-line toolkit for Linux, Windows, Networking, and more, that categorizes commands by their intended action, rather than by specific commands. * A note repository for cybersecurity beginners and professionals to start with, or expand on, while avoiding common pitfalls when it comes to taking notes ([more on that below](https://www.shellspells.net/#what-pitfalls) ). * I wanted to share this resource for free with the community. ShellSpells consists of mostly system administration commands, but does lean a little towards penetration testing and security in some areas. However, this resource is useful to anyone working in the IT/cybersecurity industry. If you are specifically looking for pentesting techniques and exploits, make sure to check out [HackTricks](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/) . [](https://www.shellspells.net/#why-categorize-commands-by-intended-action) Why Categorize Commands by Intended Action? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- When you are in the middle of doing a task, it is easier to search through your notes based on the desired outcome/intended action rather than trying to remember all the available commands and their various switches. Think of all the different commands to enumerate a process. How many different sections of your notes would you have to search through if they were categorized by command? ShellSpells provides a different method. Workflow Example: If you want to enumerate a process on Windows, you would go to Windows -> System Ops -> Processes -> Enumerate At a glance you now have a plethora of commands to accomplish the task, to include CMD, PowerShell, and wmic commands. All in one place, in an easy-to-read format, and easy to locate. On top of that, you will see other options you can use. * It is efficient. * It takes seconds rather than minutes to find what you are looking for. * It helps stay on task. Ultimately, you can spend more brain cycles on developing an effective solution to your problem/task, rather than trying to remember or locate commands. [](https://www.shellspells.net/#what-pitfalls) What Pitfalls? ------------------------------------------------------------------ In summary, these are the pitfalls I see in this industry. * Taking separate notes for each class (and never moving them to a central note repository) * Taking notes in a multiple applications (and never moving them to a central note repository) * Taking command line notes categorized by commands rather than by intended action. * Taking very verbose notes on everything. Throughout my career, I personally tested each one of these pitfalls... By the time I realized my mistakes and started to move my notes to a central location, it took a long time for me to gather everything together. It took longer for me to re-organize my notes in to an effective format. I created this resource to help others avoid the mistakes that I made while also providing a useful command line toolkit and note repository to the community. If you are new to the cyber career field, then I believe this resource is a **head start**. If I had this when I was first getting started it would have been a game-changer. I encourage you to fork it and build on it as you grow your skills. Understand the importance of taking effective, organized notes. It is one of those things that separates the pros from the average joes. [](https://www.shellspells.net/#work-in-progress) Work in Progress ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ShellSpells always has been, and always will be a work in progress. I'll continue to add new things to this resource as I learn them. I'll continue to make corrections as I find them. If you want to add or correct something, please submit a pull-request on my GitHub: [https://github.com/3DFleezy/ShellSpells](https://github.com/3DFleezy/ShellSpells) [](https://www.shellspells.net/#copyright) Copyright --------------------------------------------------------- © ShellSpells 2024. Except where otherwise specified. [NextFAQs](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/faqs) Last updated 1 year ago Was this helpful? --- # FAQs | ShellSpells If you want to add to this resource or fix an error, please send a pull request to my GitHub page: [https://github.com/3DFleezy/ShellSpells](https://github.com/3DFleezy/ShellSpells) If there is something in this resource that is your work and it is not cited/referenced: First of all, I apologize for the oversight. It is not my intention to steal or discredit anyone's work. Please let me know by submitting an "Issue" at my Github page (link above). Please include the ShellSpells page with the content along with a link to your blog/website and I will make sure to include the reference. If there is content on ShellSpells that is your work and you want it removed from ShellSpells: Please follow the steps above and let me know. I will ensure that the content is removed. If you intend on copying this ENTIRE resource and posting it on your blog/website/etc: On Earth, we call that stealing. It would make more sense to just add the URL to this site. * I encourage forking/downloading the repo for your own personal notes. That is cool. * I also encourage including proper attribution when sharing or adapting this work. That is also cool. * I do **NOT** condone taking the entire site and reposting it. That is **NOT COOL**. Let us not go down that road. It is already available here for free. Please refer to the license located [here](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license) for further details. [](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/faqs#commercial-use) Commercial Use: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If you are interested in commercial use of this content, please contact me. [PreviousShellSpells](https://www.shellspells.net/) [NextLicense & Disclaimer](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license) Last updated 1 year ago Was this helpful? Was this helpful? --- # Help | ShellSpells Command Description `man [command]` Man pages `--help` Built-in help option for commands. `apropos [keyword/file]` Search for commands related to the keyword or file. `info [command]` Better and more in-depth help. Tree structure. `whatis [command]` Concise, one-line description of the command. `cd /usr/share/doc` Documentation for installed packages. [PreviousTranscripts](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/transcripts) [NextSystem Info](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info) Last updated 1 year ago Was this helpful? Was this helpful? --- # Transcripts | ShellSpells [](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/transcripts#start-stop-transcript) Start/Stop Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- `script surveyTranscript.txt` `exit` ends the recording [](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/transcripts#enumerate-transcripts) Enumerate Transcripts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Command Description `find / -name "*.txt" 2>/dev/null` Searches the entire filesystem for text files, which might include transcript files. `locate *.txt` Uses the `locate` database to quickly find text files, potentially including transcripts. `grep -ri "Session Start" /file.txt` Recursive case-insensitive search for "Session Start" which can indicate the beginning of a transcript. `ls -ltr /path/to/directory/*.txt` Lists text files in a specified directory in reverse chronological order, helping to identify recently created or modified transcript files. [PreviousSystem Ops](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops) [NextHelp](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/help) Last updated 1 year ago Was this helpful? * [Start/Stop Transcript](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/transcripts#start-stop-transcript) * [Enumerate Transcripts](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/transcripts#enumerate-transcripts) Was this helpful? --- # License & Disclaimer | ShellSpells License: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) Deed: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Full Legal Code: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode) Formatting: [https://github.com/jmatsushita/Creative-Commons-4.0-Markdown/blob/master/licenses/by-nc.markdown](https://github.com/jmatsushita/Creative-Commons-4.0-Markdown/blob/master/licenses/by-nc.markdown) [](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license#creative-commons) Creative Commons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### [](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license#attribution-noncommercial-4.0-international) Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. 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[More considerations for the public](http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors_and_licensees#Considerations_for_licensees) . ### [](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license#creative-commons-attribution-noncommercial-4.0-international-public-license) Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). 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You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information. 2. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable. 3. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License. #### [](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license#section-4-sui-generis-database-rights) Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights. 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For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License. d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License. #### [](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license#section-7-other-terms-and-conditions) Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions. a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed. b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License. #### [](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license#section-8-interpretation) Section 8 – Interpretation. a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License. b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions. c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor. d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority. The contents of this GitBook, "ShellSpells", is intended for educational and informational purposes only. The content within this GitBook is provided on an 'as is' basis, and the authors and publishers make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability of the information, products, services, or related graphics contained within this GitBook. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk. The authors and publishers shall in no event be liable for any loss or damage, including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of data or profits arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this GitBook. Furthermore, the techniques and tips described in this GitBook are provided for educational and informational purposes only, and should not be used for any illegal or malicious activities. The authors and publishers do not condone or support any illegal or unethical activities, and any use of the information contained within this book is at the user's own risk and discretion. The user is solely responsible for any actions taken based on the information contained within this GitBook, and should always seek professional advice and assistance when attempting to implement any of the techniques or tips described herein. By using this GitBook, the user agrees to release the authors and publishers from any and all liability and responsibility for any damages, losses, or harm that may result from the use of this GitBook or any of the information contained within it. [PreviousFAQs](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/faqs) [NextSystem Ops](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops) Last updated 1 year ago Was this helpful? * [Creative Commons](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license#creative-commons) * [Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license#attribution-noncommercial-4.0-international) * [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license#creative-commons-attribution-noncommercial-4.0-international-public-license) Was this helpful? Copy Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at [creativecommons.org/policies](http://creativecommons.org/policies), Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses. Creative Commons may be contacted at [creativecommons.org](http://creativecommons.org/). --- # System Ops | ShellSpells [Transcripts](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/transcripts) [Help](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/help) [System Info](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info) [Filesystem](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/filesystem) [Users & Groups](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/users-and-groups) [Network](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/network) [Scheduled Jobs](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/scheduled-jobs) [Processes](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/processes) [Services](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/services) [Startup/Boot Scripts](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/startup-boot-scripts) [Security](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/security) [History & Logs](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/history-and-logs) [PreviousLicense & Disclaimer](https://www.shellspells.net/welcome/license) [NextTranscripts](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/transcripts) Last updated 1 year ago Was this helpful? Was this helpful? --- # System Info | ShellSpells [Date/Time](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/date-time) [System Details](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/system-details) [Patches & Updates](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/patches-and-updates) [Init System Identification](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/init-system-identification) [Hostname / Host ID](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/hostname-host-id) [Variables](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/variables) [Hardware & Resources](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/hardware-and-resources) [PreviousHelp](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/help) [NextDate/Time](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/date-time) Last updated 1 year ago Was this helpful? Was this helpful? --- # System Details | ShellSpells [](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/system-details#commands) Commands -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- `uname -a` Prints kernel name, release, and version. `uname -r` Prints just the kernel release. `uname -v` Prints the kernel version. `uname -o` Prints the operating system. `uname -i` Prints the hardware platform. `cat /etc/*rel*` Prints information regarding the OS. `cat /etc/issue` Displays distribution-specific information. `cat /etc/*-release` Displays distribution information. `cat /etc/os-release` Displays operating system details. `uptime` Displays system uptime. `lsb_release -a` Shows Linux distribution information. `hostnamectl` Displays the system hostname and other system information (systemd systems). [](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/system-details#file-locations) File Locations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /etc/os-release or /usr/lib/os-release On modern Linux distributions adhering to the Freedesktop.org Desktop Entry Specification, contains OS and version information. Provides structured data including operating system name, version, ID, and more. /etc/lsb-release Stores OS and version information on some distributions like Ubuntu. Contains distribution ID, release number, and description. /etc/redhat-release Typically found on Red Hat-based distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and CentOS. Contains distribution name and version. /etc/debian\_version Stores the Debian release version on Debian-based distributions like Debian and Ubuntu. /etc/issue or /etc/issue.net May contain a message or banner with OS information, typically displayed during system startup or login. /proc/version Contains information about the kernel version and build date. Often used to determine the kernel version. /etc/hostname Stores the system hostname on some Unix systems. /etc/\*-release Some distributions may have release-specific files in the /etc/ directory, such as /etc/centos-release or /etc/centos-release-upstream on CentOS. ls /etc/_release_ Lists files related to release information in the /etc/ directory. [PreviousDate/Time](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/date-time) [NextPatches & Updates](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/patches-and-updates) Last updated 1 year ago Was this helpful? * [Commands](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/system-details#commands) * [File Locations](https://www.shellspells.net/linux/system-ops/system-info/system-details#file-locations) Was this helpful? --- # Email Protection | Cloudflare Please enable cookies. Email Protection ================ You are unable to access this email address www.shellspells.net --------------------------------------------------------------- The website from which you got to this page is protected by Cloudflare. Email addresses on that page have been hidden in order to keep them from being accessed by malicious bots. **You must enable Javascript in your browser in order to decode the e-mail address**. 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